Staggered Orbital Refueling Strategy

The Artemis IV mission utilizes a complex staging process where Starship first fills at a depot in low Earth orbit (LEO), then relocates to a 'final tanking orbit' (FTO) for a second refueling. NASA asserts this approach increases operational flexibility for the SLS launch window and reduces overall propellant requirements by allowing Starship to transport the Orion capsule directly to a lower lunar orbit.

Sources

Open the full topic